Calculation of Sidereal Time and Ascendant

 

 Calculation of Sidereal Time and Ascendant

 

 In this lesson we are describing sidereal time and are listing the formulas to derive 10th house and ascendant degree accurately using sidereal time. Oral computation of ascendant is also described. Attention is drawn towards the common error committed by most of the fellow astrologers in the computation of ascendant or planet degrees.

One Solar day is the time between two successive passages of the sun across the meridian as observed at a particular place. In astrology, we are interested in motion of stars. We want to know the time period of earth when any star is observed to return to the same position. Such a clock is called a sidereal clock and its time, being regulated by stars is called sidereal time.

There are 365.2422 days in the year. During this period, the earth makes one revolution around the Sun. If we look from remote stars, we see that the earth has made 366.2422 circles about its axis in 365.2422 days. Each sidereal day is thus :

Duration of one sidereal day = Duration of sidereal year/No. of sidereal days = 365.2422/366.2422 = 23 hr. 56 m 4.09 s

(shorter by 3 min 55.91 seconds than the mean solar day of 24 hours.)

GMT and Greenwich sidereal time coincide at one instant every year at the autumnal equinex (around September 22). Thereafter, the difference increases until half a year later it is 12 hours (around March 23). After one year, the times again coincide.

To compute sidereal time manually, please refer to “Tables of Ascendants” by N.C. Lahiri.

The 10th House or Mid-Heaven :

The point of intersection of the ecliptic of the given time with the meridian of the place is the tenth house for that moment. If A is the sidereal time expressed in degrees and B is the tenth house, then tenth house can be computed as :

tan B = tan A Sec w

where w is the inclination of earth’s equatorial plane to the ecliptic.

 

Ascendant :

The ascendant is the point of intersection of the ecliptic with the eastern horizon of the place. if A is the sidereal time in degrees + 900 then

tan B = tan A cos w ….(1)

From A & B, we can evaluate D the declination & q =90 – angle between meridian & ecliptic, as:

sin D = sin A sin w ….(2)

sin q = sin w cos b ….(3)

From D & q, we compute the ascendant as :

tan E = sin D tan(j + q) ..(4)

where j is the latitude of the place.

Ascendant = B + E ….(5)

The value of the ascendant as calculated above is the sayan value. Subtracting ayanamsa we get nirayana ascendant. The above formulae gives accurate values of ascendant. In absence of scientifc calculators, the ascendant & the tenth house can be computed using tables of ascendant by N.C. Lahiri. However, calculation of ascendant using tables gives rise to errors because of tables not available for the given place or for the given sidereal time. This error some times goes upto many minutes of arc.

Approximate computation of Ascendant :

The ascendant can also be computed approximately orally from date of time of birth. It does not vary much because of latitude or longitude, if local time is taken. So take the standard time & roughly estimate the local time. Take the date of birth and estimate the Sun degree, using the fact that it is 00 on 14th April and it advances by 10 everyday or 1 sign every month.

Month	Sun’s entry
April	Aries
May	Taurus
June	Gemini
July	Cancer
August	Leo
September	Virgo
October	Libra
November	Scorpio
December	Sagittarius
Jsnuary	Capricorn
February	Aquarius
March	Pisces

If the date of birth is December 13th, then as per table given Sun enters into Sagittarius on 15th Dec. Hence it is approximately on 280 scorpio on 13th December in any year.

Since at Sun rise, Sun is at the eastern horizon, so the Sun degree matches with the ascendant degree. Hence at Sun rise on 13th December any year, the ascendant is approximately 280 Scorpio. After that it increases by the sign every 2 hours or 10 every 4 minutes. More accurately, it crosses six signs from Sun rise to Sun set and next six signs from Sun set to Sun rise. So if time of birth is 1 PM and since sunrise is approximately at 7.15 AM in Delhi at that time and day duration is only about 10 hours the ascendant after 5hrs. 45 minutes of sunrise shall be 3 signs and few degrees away than the Sun, that is, it will be just crossing Aquarious and reaching Pisces.

Actual calculations show that ascendant on 13.12.56 at 1 PM at Delhi is 90 7′ Pisces.

Traditionally, we calculate ascendant from Ishta Ghati using Palabha, Lankodaya, Udaymaan and Sun degrees for different signs. However because of better trignometric methods described above we are not putting it down here.

To make the task easy, Panchangs give ending time of ascending signs on daily basis for a given place. These tables can be directly used to get fairly correct ascendant sign. An interpolation of time between the two signs also gives us ascendant accurate to a degree normally sufficient for most of the astrological predictions.

Ascendant calculation for foreign births :

To utmost surprise, at least 50% astrologers commit mistake in calculating the ascendant for foreign births. This is mainly because they convert the time of birth to Indian Standard time. This way if a birth has taken place in the morning in New York, it becomes evening in India. Then when we calculate the horoscope, we find sun placed in the 7th house, whereas it should be in the ascendant by virtue of the definition of ascendant itself.

The trignometric method above holds good for any date, time and place of birth. You do not have to change anything anywhere. However, if you want to compute ascendant orally, then also go for the method prescribed above. It will give approximately correct value of ascendant for any longitude or latitude (south latitude also).

To make the task further easy, take any Panchang which gives ending moment of signs for given local time of birth. Compute the local time by making oral correction for longitude to time zone and look into the table to get ascendant accurate to few degrees. This works because of the basic fact that ascendent varies only by a few degrees due to latitude.

Further note that to calculate planet positions using ephemeris or Panchangs, it is necessary to convert time from other time zone to IST since the Panchangs are giving values at IST only.

This is the common mistake done by most of the astrologers that they convert time to IST for calculation of ascendant and take the time as it is for calculation of planet degrees. So, remember : Do not convert time to IST for ascendant calculation of foreign births but convert the time to IST for planet degree calculations.

 

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Sayan System Or Nirayan System ? What To Follow?

Sayan system is right or Nirayan.

 

There has been a lot of confusion to the fact whether Sayan system is right or Nirayan. Though being a major difference, yet it has not been well understood. Here, in this article, we try to clarify that the planets in the sky are moving according to Nirayan system, and hence only the nirayan system should be followed in astrology. Sayan system is merely meant for knowing the earth’s position with respect to Sun and thus determining the seasons but it is not meant for knowing which planet is passing through which sign.

As per the western system sun enters into Aries on 22nd March every year whereas in Indian system Sun goes to Aries on 13/14th of April every year. What is correct? Both can not be correct at one time & definitely this means a lot in astrology. A difference of 23-24 days can not be ignored when we are talking of few minutes or seconds accuracy in giving predictions.

The followers of Sayan system strongly recommend the usage of 22nd March as entry of Sun into Aries. We at “Future Point” have tried to go into the root of this problem by looking at the stars physically in the sky and arrived at a conclusion that in the sky, all planets move according to the nirayan system only. To understand it fully let us divide the study into two parts.

1. 1.   What is the situation of various planets as computed presently versus the stars.
2. 2.   What was the situation 2000 years ago & what will be the situation after 2000 years.

Second condition amplifies the difference of Ayanamsa to give a more clear view about the Sayan & Nirayan systems. Now we will discuss both the points in detail.

Nirayan			Sayan
1st May	Gemini	26:46	Cancer	20:36
2nd	Cancer	9:43	Leo	3:33
3rd	Cancer	22:16	Leo	16:06
4th	Leo	4:30	Leo	28:20
5th	Leo	16:31	Virgo	10:21
6th	Leo	28:23	Virgo	22:13
7th	Virgo	10:11	Libra	4:01
8th	Virgo	21:59	Libra	15:49
9th	Libra	3:50	Libra	27:40
10th	Libra	15:48	Scorpio	9:38
11th	Libra	27:52	Scorpio	21:42
12th	Scorpio	10:06	Sagittarius	3:56
13th	Scorpio	22:29	Sagittarius	16:19
14th	Sagittarius	5:02	Sagittarius	28:52
15th	Sagittarius	17:46	Capricorn	11:36
Table 1 Position of Moon during 1-15 May ’98 at 10 PM at Delhi

 

Sign Transited	Nirayan		Sayan
	Date	Time	Date	Time
Cancer	2/5/98	3:53	30/4/98	9:26
Leo	4/5/98	13:05	2/5/98	15:19
Virgo	7/5/98	1:16	5/5/98	1:16
Libra	9/5/98	14:13	7/5/98	13:48
Scorpio	12/5/98	2:10	10/5/98	2:40
Sagittarius	14/5/98	12:24	12/5/98	14:18
Capricorn	16/5/98	20:42	15/5/98	0:08
Table 2 Transit of Moon During 1-15 May ’98 at Delhi

1. Present Star Position

It is difficult to watch the stars while Sun is in the sky. During month of May no planet shall be visible in the sky at night. So we are giving the position of Moon every day when it is visible at night during the month of May 98.

As per Sayan & Nirayan system the longitudes of Moon during first half of May ’98 given in table I.

Moon’s transit into different signs from May 1-15th 1998 are given in table-II.

If we look into the figures of table I, we find that Moon attains, after 2 days appox. the same degree in Nirayan system as in Sayan system e.g. It is at Leo 160 on 3rd May as per Sayan system and on 5th May as per nirayan system.

The fig. A show the position of Moon during the first half of May 98, at 10 pm. in Delhi. If we look into the position of Moon & compare with its degrees as per Sayan and Nirayan system, it is very obvious that Moon’s actual movement is very close to the Nirayan system & it does not tally with Sayan system at all. For example on 5th May 98 it is at Leo-160 as per nirayan system. In the sky also, (fig A) moon is in mid of Leo sign, whereas Sayan system gives a value of Virgo-100. The moon is visible in Virgo not before 7th May 98. This situation can be studied daily between 1-15 May as per table I and sky map A to find the actual movement of moon in the sky. Hence we can say that we should follow only the Nirayan system for all astrological computations.

2. Past & Future Star Positions

To look into the past & future, we shall take help of sky maps as computed by scientific programmes which are known to be accurate by todays scientists of the world.

Let us look at the position of Sun as per Sayan & Nirayan system at a gap of 1000 years from 15 May 0001 to 15th May 5001 at 12 Noon at Delhi. The position of Sun are given in table III.

Fig. B shows clearly that Sun is in Pisces on 15th May in year 5001 whereas as per the Sayan system it should be in Taurus. This is far away from the truth.

Secondly we can clearly see the movement of Sun with respect to stars. It is moving behind by appox. 140 every 1000 years. This is exactly what the ayanamsa is.

Fig B shows clearly that Sun enters into Taurus on 15 May 1998. It is not towards end of Taurus as suggested by Sayan system.

The above explanation clearly & undoubtedly prove that Nirayan system as followed in vedic astrology is correct and is in accordance to the star position in the sky.

Does it mean that western system which is quite accurate as per the modern science is wrong ? The answer is No.

Year		Niryana		Sayana	Ayanamsa
1	Taurus	27:03	Taurus	23:00	-4:02:25
1001	Taurus	13:25	Taurus	23:20	9:54:54
2001	Taurus	0:37	Taurus	24:30	23:52:14
3001	Aries	16:43	Taurus	24:34	37:50:12
4001	Aries	3:39	Taurus	25:27	51:47:59
5001	Pisces	19:26	Taurus	25:11	65:45:10
Table 3 Position of Sun on 15th May at 12 hrs. at Delhi during year 1-5001

Fig A : Sky Position 1st May ’98 to 14th May ’98 at 10 PM at Delhi

Fig B : Sun Position on 15th May ’98 12 Hrs. at Delhi during year 0001 to 50001

Fig. C. Milky Way Galaxy from the Side

Fig. D. Position of the Sun in the Milky Way Galaxy

Then how both the systems can be correct at the same time & still be different? We know that western system is basically a solar system & not based on stars. Here zero degree refers to a position with respect to the Sun coordinates or the Vernal equinoctial point i.e. the ascending node of the ecliptic on the equator. It does not have to do any thing with the Aries star whereas in the Nirayan system, 0 degree means a position in the direction of Aries star. Actually zero degree of sayan system which never refers to Aries star has mistakenly been taken as zero degree of Aries. This small anomaly has led to the confusion between the Sayan & the Nirayan system. We should not confuse overselves & say that Sun enters into Aries on 22nd March every year. We should rather say that Sun attains a longitude of zero degree on 22nd March as per Sayan system or the Solar coordinate system.

With this clarification let us also clarify that astrological predictions given as per the sayan system does not have sound astrological basis. We can not & should not take the properties of various signs same for Sayan and Nirayan systems.

Let us understand what is ayanamsa which makes all this difference in the two systems. Ayanamsa is basically precession of the equinoxes. It can be understood better when we look at our galaxy. We know that our solar system is a part of galaxy called “Milky Way” which looks like fig. C & our solar system is moving around the centre of the milky way as shown in fig. D. Sun takes roughly 26,000 years appox. to complete one circle around the galaxy. The stars remain fixed and do not move around. Because of the motion of the sun, the position of stars changes by 50.3 arc seconds every year and it takes roughly 20 minutes 24 seconds more time for earth to complete the circle around Sun with respect to these stars. That is why the sidereal year is 365.256363 days compared to solar year of 365.2422 days only.

To sum up we Know that Indian astrology is based on stars and any planet passing through the particular star gives the results of that star or changes its behaviour acco-rding to the stars it passes through. Only Nirayan system gives us computations of planets with respect to stars; Sayan system refers to planet positions in solar coordinate system. Hence only Nirayan system should be followed for predictions in astrology.

The Art Of Prediction -4

 

 

The Art Of Prediction – 4

 

We have seen how Dasha and transit determine the period of the happening. In this lesson, we shall see how different yogas affect the life of the native.

We continue with the example cited in the last article : Date of Birth 13 :12: 1956, Time of Birth 23 :10 at Delhi. Lagna Kundli is given as :

Smt. Indira Gandhi 19/11/1917

There are thousands of yogas mentioned in the text and it is not possible for an individual to learn and apply all the yogas manually on a horoscope. Therefore we give few important yogas, which one can check on a horoscope easily and can decide effectively.

Exchange yoga : This yoga is formed when two planets exchange their respective houses i.e. planet A is in house of B and planet B is in house of A. exchange yoga is good if it occurs between kendras and trikonas. The exchange makes the affected planets strong, either good or bad, depending upon the house it represents.

In the given horoscope also, there is a exchange between mercury and Jupiter from 2nd to 5th house, making the native good in calculations and astrology. This also gives the native income from mental work. There can be maximum three exchange Yogas in a horoscope involving six planets . In the horoscope of Mrs. Indira Gandhi there were three exchanges.

There is an exchange between Moon and Saturn from Lagna to 7th house, exchange between sun and Mars from 2nd and 5th house and Jupiter and Venus from 6th and 11th house.These three exchange made her a very strong lady. However, she was killed in the dasha of Saturn- Moon, because Saturn and Moon, both gave result of 7th house and became maraka for her.

Gaj Kesari Yoga : This yoga is formed when Jupiter is in Kendra from Moon . It gives wealth and power to the native.

Chandra Mangal Yoga : When Moon and Mars are together, or there is nutural aspect between them, this yoga is formed. Because of this yoga man is passionate.

Sunapha Yoga : When there are planets in 2nd house to Moon this yoga is formed. In this yoga native will have good wealth.

Anapha Yoga : When there are planets in 12th house to Moon this yoga is formed. if natural benefic planet is there, it gives name, fame, wealth and success, while natural malefic gives trouble.

Durudhara yoga : When there are planets both in the 2nd and 12th houses to Moon, benefics give good result and malefic cause trouble. benefic and malefic combined give neutral results.

Kemadrum yoga : This yoga is formed when there are no planets on both sides of Moon . Native is very poor in this case.

Vesi Yoga : When there are planet in 2nd house from Sun this yoga is formed. Natural benefic planet give good result and malefic cause trouble.

Vasi Yoga : When there are planets in 12th from Sun this yoga is formed. Natural benefic planets give good result and malefic cause trouble.

Ubhayachari yoga : When there are planets both in the 2nd and 12th house to Sun benefics give good result and malefic cause trouble. Benefic and malefic combined give neutral results.

Pancha Maha Purusha Yogas : Following are the five yogas formed by five planets- Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus and Saturn :

1. 1.   Ruchaka yoga : When Mars is in exaltation or own sign and is in kendra to lagna or Moon, this yoga is formed . In this yoga native will have good health, wealth and get higher position in defence or police.
2. 2.   Hansa Yoga : When Jupiter is in exaltation sign or own sign and is in kendra to lagna or Moon, this Yoga is formed . In this yoga native will have good personality and good moral character.
3. 3.   Bhadra Yoga : This yoga is formed when Mercury is in its exaltation sign, own sign and is in kendra to Moon and lagna. With this yoga person will have good proportional limbs and strong body, with wealth and comforts.
4. 4.   Malavya Yoga : When Venus is in its exaltation sign, own sign or is in kendra to lagna and Moon, native will be wealthy, handsome, well built body and will be happy with his family. He will have good comforts in life.
5. 5.   Sasa Yoga : When Saturn is in its exaltation or own sign and is in kendra to lagna or Moon, native will have many servants and also have good wealth and health.

Raj Yogas and Dhan Yoga:

• When more than three planets are in exaltation sign or own sign and placed in Kendra, this yoga is formed.
• When Lord of 2nd, 9th, 5th, 11th or one of these occupies kendra from lagna or Moon, this Yoga is formed.
• Three or four planets having digbala.
• When Kendra lord and trikona lord make relationship between them, this yoga is formed like :

1. 1.   9th lord is in Ist, 4th, 7th and 10th.
2. 2.   5th lord in is Ist, 4th 7th and 10th.
3. 3.   1st lord is in 9th or 5th.
4. 4.   4th lord is in 9th and 5th.
5. 5.   7th lord is in 9th and 5th.
6. 6.   10th lord is in 9th and 5th.
7. 7.   Exchange of house between kendra and trikona.

All raj yoga and dhan yoga give name, fame, wealth, all kind of comforts and authority to the native. Above yogas are few of the important yogas, which, when applied to the horoscope, give a fair judgement of the strength of the horoscope.

 

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The Art Of Prediction -3

The Art Of Prediction – 3

 

To time the events in ones life, we use Dasha and transits. Dasha tells which planet is affecting the native at a particular time, whereas transit tells us which natal planet is vibrating because of the transiting planet. A combined result of Dasha and transit gives us the behaviour of the native at a particular time.

We continue with the example cited in the last article : Date of Birth 13 :12: 1956, Time of Birth 23 :10 at Delhi. Lagna Kundli is as given.

The native has the following Dashas :.

Balance of Dasha : Ketu 3 years 11 months 2 days

Planets		Age
Ketu	upto 15:11:1960	4 yrs.
Venu	upto 15:11:1980	24 “
Sun	upto 15:11:1986	30 “
Moon	upto 15 :11:1996	40 “
Mars	upto 15:11:2003	47 “
Rahu	upto 15:11:2018	65 “
Jup	upto 15:11:2034	81 “

Dasha in the very childhood basically affects health of the native and parents. During teenage it affects education, in youth it affects mind, job and family and in old age it again affects health and the children or the caretaker.

As we see the native went through Dasha of Ketu upto age of 4. Ketu is in the house of Venus in Kendra in the house representing father. Hence it gave good health to native and progress to father.

After the age of 4 upto age of 24 native went through Dasha of Venus. This was the age when studies were important. Venus is in its own house in the house of writing. It also represents artistic nature. the house of education, that is 4th house, has Sun, Saturn and Rahu placed there. Rahu and Saturn have the nature of making the native introvert and thoughtful. Saturn gives interest in science.

Mercury in 5th makes native calculative. So the period of Venus gave good education while making the interest of the native in science and mathematics.

From the age of 24 to the age of 30 native underwent Dasha of Sun for 6 years. Sun in this horoscope is Lagnesh in 4th house. This gave him start of his own business and gave a lot of name and fame at the young age of 24 to 30. Moon which is lord of 12th is sitting in the house of luck. It brought forward a great luck. He became quite successful in his business and started an industry.

Moon is followed by Mars from the age of 40 to 47. Though Mars is yogakaraka but is placed in 8th house. It gave a big set back and the industry was closed down.

Rahu, which is in debilitation but in Kendra in 4th house is expected to give good results; somewhat similar to the period of Sun. Rahu can give health problem.

Jupiter being 5th lord in 2nd house its Dasha will start only at the age of 62, but it may be best period of the life of the native. He may lead a serene life in this Dasha.

Transit :

To study the transit, let us consider only Saturn, Jupiter and Rahu. other planets move fast. Sun, Mercury and Venus rotate once every year. Mars takes two years to complete one cycle and Moon takes only a month. Ketu is always opposite to Rahu. So for a full life description of the transit, only three planets are sufficient. Saturn takes 30 years to complete one cycle, Rahu 18 years and Jupiter 12 years.

Similarly we consider the effect of these slow moving planets over these planets only. Transit gives significant results with respect to Moon. When Saturn crosses over Moon, we call it Sade sati. Sade sati normally gives lots of tension invariably. It gives progress or loss, depending upon the sign in which moon is. similarly Saturn crossing over 8th house from Moon also gives tension and losses.

In this case Jupiter crossed over Rahu/Saturn at the age of 2, 14, 26, 38, 50, 62 etc. Saturn crossed over Jupiter at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and over Rahu/Saturn at the age of 30 and 60. Rahu crossed over Rahu/Sat at the age of 18, 36, 54, So if we put this agewise it is as per the table.

If we look at the transits we invariably find Jupiter transiting over 4th house over Rahu and Saturn, has given a change of residence or has given a new property. Since Saturn is 7th lord, transit of Jupiter over 7th house gave marriage and Saturn over Rahu or Saturn gave break in business partnership.

Native went through sade sati of Saturn in 1968 and then in 1996. During the first one it gave a drop in academic results and in 2nd it gave loss in business. Saturn crossed over 8th house from Moon at the age of 30 in 1985-1988, when it gave break in partnership twice and brought the income to the rock bottom level. It also gave bad health to mother and loss of life of one of the close relatives.

In a nut shell transits seem to be showing their results very effectively; even more than Dasha. Major transits bring major changes in the life of the native. Transit of Saturn from Moon is very important. Jupiter and Rahu give equal results from lagna, as well as Moon. If we superimpose the result of Dasha over that of the transit we can predict better.

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The Art Of Prediction- 2

To predict horoscope, consider the houses one by one and see the planets placed in the house, the planets aspecting it, the placement of its lord and the planets aspecting it, or associated with the lord. Amalgamation of the effects of these units give, us the complete prediction about the horoscope.

To explain the method of prediction, I start with the example of this horoscope :

• Dob : 13/12/1956
• TOB : 23:10
• POB : Delhi

Lagna is Leo. So the native can be identified by a lion. The lion is bold by nature and has confidence to win over anyone. It is normally passive and becomes active only when required. It does not harm until disturbed. It normally has a robust health. It is aspected by Saturn from 4th house, which makes the native hard working. The lord Sun is placed in 4th house in Scorpio, a friend’s house, but with Saturn and Rahu, which are its enemies. It gives native health problems, like blood pressure.

Now consider 2nd house. Dhanasthan or house of wealth contains Jupiter, the Karaka for this house. It indicates native will acquire wealth by own earnings. Jupiter in 2nd house also gives soft and impressive voice. But there is aspect of Mars on 2nd house. So sometimes words are lost while speaking. This aspect also gives a tendency that people misunderstand or misinterpret his words. The lord Mercury is placed in 5th house, so the native is a professional, who earns by his knowledge. Look at 3rd house. Venus is there in 3rd house – its own house. Mars is having 8th aspect on 3rd house. Also Moon has 7th aspect on this house. A benefic planet in 3rd house gives younger sister and good relationship with co-borns. Mars’ aspect disturbs writing power and Moon’s aspect gives good throat and voice. It also gives lot of short journeys in life.

4th house, the house of comforts, has three malefic planets – Rahu, Saturn and Sun, making the native restless at home. This situation is further aggravated by the presence of 4th lord Mars in 8th house. So many planets in 4th house ensures comforts at home, but the malefics indicate one does not pay attention to home. It also indicates bad health of mother. Saturn and Rahu indicate good education for the native.

5th house contains Mercury in the house owned by Jupiter. It is also in exchange Yoga with Jupiter from 2nd house. This gives very good calculation power. It also ensures son to the native. This also gives knowledge of astrology and computers to the native.

6th house is owned by Saturn and aspected by Jupiter from 2nd house and Saturn from 4th house. 3rd aspect of Saturn gives success over enemies and Jupiter ensures native has to do some work by hand, like typing on computer.

7th house is not aspected by any planet and its lord Saturn is placed in 4th house, which is 10th from 7th house. This gives native a working wife. Saturn gives a wife with fair complexion belonging to an orthodox family. It also indicates business partnerships that will not be smooth.

8th house, the house of longevity, contains Mars in the house of Jupiter, aspected by Jupiter itself. Presence of Mars indicates many accidents in one’s life, but Jupiter saves from all such accidents. He will also be benefited from insurance. He will get property from his parents. Mars in 8th gives medium longevity, but Jupiter stretches it.

contains Moon, aspected by Venus, indicating good luck for the native. The benefic planets in the house of religion also make the native religious. He also undertakes long travel because of these two planets.

The Karmasthana 10th house is occupied by Ketu and has aspect of Jupiter from 2nd house and Sun and Saturn from 4th house. Jupiter’s aspect makes the native a businessman, Ketu brings him into computers, Saturn associates him with industry and Sun ensures that he is at the top of affairs in his business environment. 10th lord Venus in 3rd house, the house of courage, further ensures business and indicates courageous steps in his line of action.

11th house, the house of gains, has aspect of Mercury and Mars. Since the house is ruled by Mercury and its lord is in 5th house aspecting it, the native earns by intellect, but aspect of Mars from 8th house reduces profits into losses too. So the over all success is not at par with the work done by the native.

12th house is owned by Moon and since its lord is placed in 9th house, it indicates that the native gains from far off land. Export and import will give him gains. It also ensures many foreign tours for the native.

This way we see that to analyze the horoscope we interpret the house one by one, or interpret the house whose subject matter we want to know. First we see what are the planets posited in that house. Then see the aspects over these planets, or this house and then see where the lord of the concerned house is placed and which are the planets aspecting it. Proper amalgamation of the properties and a little practice of linking things together gives you the best of prediction.

The special effects in the horoscope can be seen by looking at the various Yogas formed in the horoscope. The powerful Yogas take away the attention from other aspects and they become more effective in life. For example, in this horoscope Jupiter and Mercury are in exchange Yoga, that is, Jupiter is in the house of Mercury and Mercury in the house of Jupiter. This exchange gives the native a strong liking for calculation and astrology, since the exchange is between 2nd and 5th houses. It increases the intelligence level and gives him a professional career. Similarly Moon is pressed between Mars and Ketu from both the sides, forming Durdhura Yoga, which gives native wealth, fame and power.

Absence of any strong Dhana Yoga makes him a man of normal means. Individually the Yogas sometimes reverse the effects of the planets completely. More and more knowledge of Yogas makes a man better and better astrologer. In the next lesson we shall see how to time the events in ones life by using Dasha and transits.

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The Art Of Prediction

In Astrology it is understood that at any point of time nature is governed by a planet and the position of that planet in the horoscope determines how the native will feel or behave.
This chapter details the calculation of the planet acting at any point of time and the period for which the planet rules.

There are three basic parameters in a horoscope : 1. planet 2. house and 3. Rashi (sign). Twelve rashis are spread over twelve houses; on an average one rashi occupies one house. However, rashi is exactly 300, whereas a house may vary in size and the starting of house may fall at any rashi at any point. It is equivalent to placing one circle over the other, both having same dimensions, but any one point on circumference of one circle can be made to align with any point on circumference of the other circle. The rest of the circle gets automatically placed. Similarly in a horoscope we determine the Lagna (first house position) and place the rashi circle over the rest of the twelve houses.

After fixing the signs over houses we place the planets in the various houses. Since there are only nine planets and some planets combine together in a house, some houses are left empty. The planets possess some intrinsic properties and when mixed with the colour of sign and house they occupy, they change their colour, leading to different behaviour, at different time of births. Study of this change in behaviour of the planets is basic astrology.

There are three basic reasons why planets behave differently, like

1. 1.   the house in which it is placed.
2. 2.   the house in which it is placed.
3. 3.   the house in which it is placed.

Once the planet’s behaviour is ascertained because of its placement, the results are changed with time, depending upon Dasha operating at that time. Dasha tells us which planet is effective to give results at what time.

To understand what the horoscope has in store for a native, let us study how the planets have co-relation with life. We give below the basic nature of planets and houses and also what they signify.

Signification of Planets

Sun : Sun is the king, soul, father, will power, life, glory, health, sovereignty and clothes. Its colour is pink or red. It has anger but momentary. Its element is gold and gem ruby. East is represented by Sun.

Moon : It is a cold, calm and quiet planet and represents mind, mother, motherland, money, eyes, lungs, liquids and nurses. Its colour is white, direction north-east, element is silver and gem pearl.

Mars : Mars is a soldier and represents land, boldness, younger brothers and sisters, chemists, fire, anger, surgery. It has anger which stays for a long time. Its element is copper and gem coral. Its colour is red and direction south.

Mercury : Mercury is talkative and tactful, but not harmful. It is a good trader, mathematician, editor and publisher. It has excellent argumentative and analytical power. It represents memory, throat, arms, maternal uncles and short journeys. Its element is bronze and gem is emerald. colour is green and direction north.

Jupiter : It is the heaviest and the most benefic planet and represents Guru. It is very politie and religious and represents education, school, temples, oils, fats, sugar, long journeys, judges, priests and scientists. It’s colour is yellow, metal platinum, gem yellow saphire and direction north – east.

Venus : Venus is a planet of sex, love and beauty. It is a poet, dancer, singer, wife, actor or driver. It represents luxury, vehicles, kidney, silver, diamond, south-east direction and white colour.

Saturn : It is the most malefic planet and very selfish and cunning. It represents death, politics, gas, aeroplanes poverty, servants, electronics and legs. Its colour is blue, element iron, gem blue saphire and direction is west.

Rahu : Rahu is an expansionist planet and represents smoke, mental disturbance, loss, theft, death of a family member. It also represents sudden gain through lottery, gambling or speculation. Its colour is black, element mixed metal and gem gomed.

Ketu : It has tail but no head and represents broken relationships, changing events, accidents. It represents electronics, brown colour. gem is cat’s eye.

Signification of House

1st house : 1st house or so called Lagna is the most important of all the houses and determines the longevity, health, character and nature of the native. It specifically signifies the head.

2nd house : This house is also called ‘Dhan’ house and deals with money matters, one’s deposits, income tax, customs, computers. It represents one’s family and face, speech, food habits and left eye.

3rd house : Called ‘Bhratra’ house, this is the house of brothers and sisters, signifies courage, boldness, short journeys and throat. one is made singer by this house only.

4th house : 4th house represents mother, motherland, house, mental peace, vehicles and education. It is also called ‘Matra Bhava’. It represents chest, particularly lungs.

5th house : This house is also called as ‘Putra Bhava’ and represents children, intelligence, speculation and love affairs. It indicates stomach and gives professions of teacher, principal and gynaecologist.

6th house : This house is called ‘Ripu Bhava’, that is house of enemies. It governs digestive system, quarrels court and jobs done by hand, like typing.

7th house : Also called ‘Kalatra Bhava’, it represents wife, business partner, marriage, business or employment in a private firm. It governs sexual organs and diseases thereof.

8thhouse: Called ‘Ayusthan’ it represents death, reasons of death, underground wealth, historical things and monuments. It represents accidents, parental property, life insurance, mining and anus.

9th house : Called house of luck and religion, it represents pilgrimage, higher studies like doctorate, long journeys, languages like Sanskrit, Roman and Hebrew. It also indicates grand parents and mental aptitude towards Yoga and sadhana. It represents hips.

10th house : This house is called ‘Karma sthana’ and represents the acts one does. It signifies father, government, politics, management. It governs knees and defines the profession of a person.

11th house : 11th house is house of gains or ‘Labha’ and represents sources of income, elder brothers and sisters, friend’s circle and legs.

12 th house : The house of loss and expenses is called ‘Vyaya sthana’ and covers bad habits, hospital, jail, long journeys and quests. It also indicates export and import, also feet.

Strength of Planets

The planets gain strength at certain points and behave differently in different signs and houses. They show different relationships with different planets.

Planets own certain signs. Sun and Moon own one sign and other planets own two signs each. Rahu – ketu, being pseudo planets, do not own any sign. Planets get exalted or become powerful at certain points and get debilitated exactly 1800 away. Moon, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus are benefic by nature and others are malefic as shown in the table below .

For any ascendant, some planets become Yogakaraka or maraka, depending upon the house they own. This is one of the most important factor in prediction. A yogakaraka planet shows good results in its dasha or antar Dasha. Stones are suggested only for a yogakaraka planet. if a planet is benefic only then it is good to make it strong ; else it will harm the native. planets which are yogakaraka for each ascendant is given in the table below.

Benefics – Lords of 1,5,9
Yogakaraka and lords of 4, 7, 10, if natural malefic.
Malefics – Lords of 3,6,
Maraka 11and lords of 4,7,10,if natural benefic
Neutral – Lord of 2,8, 12.

Planets	Ownership	Exaltation	Debilitation	Aspects	Nature	Sex
sun	Leo	Aries	Libra	7	Malefic	Male
Mon	Cancer	Taurus	Scorpio	7	Benefic	Female
Mars	Aries/Scorpio	Capricorn	Cancer	4,7,10	Malefic	Male
Mercury	Gemini/virgo	Virgo	Pisces	7	Benefic	Female
Jupiter	Sagittarius/Pisces	Cancer	Capricorn	5,7,9	Benefic	Male
Venus	Taurus/Libra	Pisces	Virgo	7	Benefic	Female
Saturn	Capricorn/Aquarius	Libra	Aries	3,7,10	Malefic	Impotant
Rahu	–	Taurus	Scorpio	–	Malefic	–
Ketu	–	Scorpio	Taurus	–	Malefic	–

 

Ascendant	Yogkaraka (Benefic)	Maraka (Malefic)	Neutral
Aries	Sun, Mar, Jup	Mer, Mon, Ven,Sat
Taurus	Sun, Mar, Mer, Sat	Mon Jup.	Ven
Gemini	Ven	Mar, Sun, Sat, Jup	Mon, Mer
Cancer	Mon, Mar, Jup	Mer, Ven	Sun, Sat
Leo	Sun, Mar	Mer, Ven	Jup. Mon, Sat
Virgo	Ven	Jup, Mon, Mar	Sat, Sun, Mer
Libra	Mar, Mer, Ven, Sat	Mon, Jup, Sun	–
Scorpio	Sun, Mon, Jup	Mer, Ven	Sat, Mar
Sagittarius	Sun, Mar	Mer, Ven, Sat	Jup, Moon;
Capricorn	Mer, Sat, Ven	Mer, Mon, Jup	Sun
Aquarius	Ven, Sun, Sat, Mar	Jup, Mon	Mer
Pisces	Mon, Mar	Sun, Mer, Sat, Ven	Jup

In the next lesson we shall study how to use these data for predictions.

 

Know your Dasha

In Astrology it is understood that at any point of time nature is governed by a planet and the position of that planet in the horoscope determines how the native will feel or behave. This chapter details the calculation of the planet acting at any point of time and the period for which the planet rules.

To predict the past present and future, saints evolved the system of “Dasha” or period. Any planet influences someone more than others at some point of time, than the other planet takes over and so on.

Many dasha systems have been described as many as 42. but the most common and -popular dasha system is “Vimshottari”. As the name suggests, the complete cycle of dasha is of 120 years. All the nine planets take part in this system. The periods and the constellation assigned to them is as follows:

Planet	Constellation	Year
Sun	Krittika, U. phalguni, Uttarashada	6
Moon	Rohini, Hasta, Shravana	10
Mars	Mrigshira, Chitra, Dhanistha	7
Rahu	Ardra, Swati, Satbhisha	18
Jupiter	Punarvasu, Vishakha, P. bhadrapada	16
Saturn	Pushya, Anuradha, U. bhadrapada	19
Mercury	Ashlesha, jyestha, Revati	17
Ketu	Magha, Mool, Ashwin	7
Venus	P. phalugni, Purva Ashada, Bharani	20
Table 1

At the time of birth of the native, the constellation occupied by the Moon determines which planet will rule at that time. The fraction of the constellation balance at that time determines the “balance of dasha”, that is the time period for which the planet will rule after birth. After the end of the ruling period of that planet, other planets rule one by one in the cyclic order as listed in table 1.

Let us understand it by an example. In the model horoscope in the previous issue, we have date of birth 15-1-1970, time 4.30 A.M. and place of birth Delhi. on this date and time Moon’s degree is Aries 90 36′ , that is, it is in Ashwini nakshatra. Ashwini starts at 00 Aries and extends upto 13020′ Of Aries. This way moon has crossed 90 36′ of Aries and has 130 20′ – 90 36′ = 30 44′ still to go. From table-I we find Ashwini is represented by Ketu having a period of 7 years. Hence the native was born when ketu was ruling and it had a balance of dasa.

3⁰ 44′ x 7 years = 1.96 years

13⁰ 20′ = 1 year 16 months 16 days

Adding this period to date of birth, we get ( 15 – 1 – 1970 ) + ( 16 – 11 – 1 ) = ( 1 – 1 – 1972 )

i.e. the native experienced influence of Ketu for 1 year 16 months 16 days from birth till 1 Jan. 1972. Thereafter, according to table 1, was under the influence of Venus for 20 years upto 1-1-1992; followed by Sun for 6 years upto 1-1-1998, then by Moon for 10 years 1-1-2008 and so on.

Note that the period of 1 year 11 months 16 days is called the balance of 7 years of ketu 20 years of Venus etc. are called dasha periods.

Thus we compute the dasha periods for nature as follows :

Balance of dasha : 1 year 11 months 16 days, of Ketu.

Date Of Birth	15        –        1        –        1970
Balance of Ketu	16        –       11        –        1
	1        –        1        –        1972
Venus	20
	1        –        1        –        1992
Sun	6
	1        –        1        –        1998
Moon	10
	1        –        1        –        2008
Mars	7
	1        –        1        –        2015
Rahu	18
	1        –        1        –        2033
Jupiter	16
	1        –        1        –        2049
Saturn	19
	1        –        1        –        2068
Mercury	17
	1        –        1        –        2085

No one will be satisfied if we tell him how he will go through his next 10 or 20 years in nut shell. He would want to know the effects of events in detail. So the above dashas are further subdivided into sub periods or Antar dashas. During the planet’s dasha, antar dasha starts from planet itself, followed by the same sequence as given in table I. The period is also subdivided into the same fractions as assigned in table No. 1. In brief sun rules for 6 years. Sun will have its own sub period first for 6×6/120 = 36/120 years = (36 x 12)/120 = 3 months 18 days

After this will come Moon’s sub period. Moon represents 10 years out of total span of 120 years of Vimshottari dasa. So it will rule for 1/12th part of the total period of 6 years of Sun .

Thus Moon will have sub period of 6 x 10/120 = ½ = 6 months

In a similar manner we can compute sub periods of all the planets while major influence of other planet is there.

Table 2 : Vimshottari Sub Periods

Planet	Sun	Moon	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter	Saturn	Mer	Ketu	Ven
Year	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Month	3	6	4	10	9	11	10	4	0
Day	18	0	6	24	18	12	6	6	0

 

Planet	Moon	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter	Saturn	Mer	Ketu	Ven	Sun
Year	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
Month	10	7	6	4	7	5	7	8	6
Day	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sub periods of Moon Dasha

 

Planet	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter	Saturn	Mer	Ketu	Ven	Sun	Moon
Year	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
Month	4	0	11	1	11	4	2	4	7
Day	27	18	6	9	27	27	0	6	0
Sub periods of Mars Dasha

 

Planet	Rahu	Jupiter	Saturn	Mer	Ketu	Ven	Sun	Moon	Mars
Year	2	2	2	2	1	3	0	1	1
Month	8	4	10	6	0	0	10	6	0
Day	12	24	6	18	18	0	24	0	18
Sub periods of Rahu Dasha

 

Planet	Jupiter	Saturn	Mer	Ket	Ven	Sun	Moon	Mars	Rahu
Year	2	2	2	0	2	0	1	0	2
Month	1	6	3	11	8	9	4	11	4
Day	18	12	6	6	0	18	0	6	24
Sub periods of Jupiter Dasha

 

Planet	Saturn	Mer	Ketu	Ven	Sun	Mon	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter
Year	3	2	1	3	0	1	1	2	2
Month	0	8	1	2	11	7	1	10	6
Day	3	9	9	0	12	0	9	6	12
Sub periods of Saturn Dasha

 

Planet	Mer	Ketu	Ven	Sun	Mon	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter	Saturn
Year	2	0	2	0	1	0	2	2	2
Month	4	11	10	10	5	11	6	3	8
Day	27	27	0	6	0	27	18	6	9
Sub periods of Mercury Dasha

 

Planet	Ketu	Ven	Sun	Moon	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter	Saturn	Mer
Year	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
Month	4	2	4	7	4	0	11	1	11
Day	27	0	6	0	27	18	6	9	27
Sub periods of Ketu Dasha

 

Planet	Ven	Sun	Mon	Mars	Rahu	Jupiter	Sat	Mer	Ket
Year	3	1	1	1	3	2	3	2	1
Month	4	0	8	2	0	8	2	10	2
Day	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sub periods of Venus Dasha

To compute the table 2, the basic formula is :

Sub period of a planet = (period of major planet x period of sub planet/120 years.)

Since 1 year contains 12 months, the above formula reduces to

Sub period = (period of major planet x period of sub planet/10) in months.

We multiply the two periods and put a decimal after one digit from the right. The whole number so obtained gives in the months for the antar dasha and the traditional part multiplied by 3 gives the number of days for of the sub period.

Sun’s sub period in Maha dasha of Sun will be 6 x 6 = 36 putting decimal It is 3.6 months.

By multiplying decimal part by 3 we get 3.6 x 3 = 3 months 18 days

Sub-Sub Periods : For further refining the results, we can divide the sub periods into sub-sub periods (Pratyantar Dasha) and sub-sub-sub periods (Sookshma Dasha) or even further adopting the same procedure as for sub period. The formula for sub-sub period will be :

Sub-sub period = (Period of major (Pratyantar Dasha) planet x period of sub planet x period of sub-sub planet) /(120×120) years = (Period of major planet x period of sub planet x period of sub-sub planet) / 1200 months

Sub-sub-sub period = (Period of major (Sookshma Dasha) planet x period of sub planet x period of sub-sub planet x period of sub-sub-sub planet)/(120x120x120) years. = (Period of major planet x period of sub planet x period of sub-sub planet x period of sub-sub-sub planet)/ (1200×120) months. = (Period of major planet x period of sub planet x period of sub-sub planet x period of sub-sub-sub planet)/ 40 days

The smallest sub-sub-sub period is of Sun-Sun-Sun -Sun, which is (6 x 6 x 6 x 6)/400 If we go one step deep we get Prana dasha of Sun-Sun-Sun-Sun-Sun = 3.24 x 6 = .162 days = 4 hours. only 120

Though mathematically it seems to be viable to go even further down the step, however these, calculation is highly susceptible to errors because of inherent errors in time of birth and we do not suggest at all to go beyond 5 levels. Even 5th level is normally inaccurate enough to make it absurd. 1 minute of time causes 30″ = 1/2 of error in Moon. This shifts the dasha of sun by

( 6 years x 365 days x 24 hours 1) / ( 130 201 x 60 2 ) = 33 hours

Whereas the entire pran dasha of Sun is only x 4 hours, the difference of 33 hours further gets amplified to 110 hours, that is 5 days if the Moon is in the constellation of Venus at the time of birth.

Note : While computing dasha dates we add days to days, months to months and years to years. If days are more than 30, we take a carry over of 1 to months and similarly if months are more than 12 we take a carry over of 1 to year. Here we do not take into account the actual number. of days in a month.

It seems that we are taking a year as 360 days only – 12 months x 30 days per month. However, this is a wrong understanding. Actually, we are dividing the year into months by multiplying by 12 and further converting into days by multiplying of 30. we add up in the same manner. So it is not correct to add by taking actual days of months into consideration. This simplicity of calculation takes the year as 365.25 days. The actual dates computed by rigorous calculations by taking actual days of the months and by this simple method differ only by a few days; accurate practically for all astrological purposes.

For a thought : There are many inherent problems with dasha calculation. Dasha changes very fast with the absolute value of Moon’s position. It does not depend upon any other value and doubt in the value of ayanamsa makes it almost useless. Secondly, there are so many dasha systems and it is not known which dasha should be applied when. Thirdly, the periods assigned to different planets seem to be quite adhoc and no reasoning is available anywhere. This makes the dasha system very doubtful and the transit of planets seems to give a much better method of timing an event. Yet, it is difficult to deny the system of dasha. often it seems to be giving results with undoubted accuracy.

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Learn Astrology Free

DATE OF BIRTH & CALENDARS

After Celestial Arithmatic ,  issue we now present understanding of date and time of birth in various calenders and clocks.

All measurements of time have historically depended on astronomical observations – the day is measured from the rotation earth on its axis, the week approximates the changing phases of the Moon, the month is measured from the revolution of the Moon around earth and the year is measured from the revolution of earth around the Sun.

Unfortunately earth or moon do not complete their cycle in full no of days. Moon’s cycle is 29.53059 days and earth’s orbit around sun takes 365.242196 days. So 12 months are short of a year, and 13 months are longer. In this lesson we describe here the history and detailing of the commonly used Gregorian Calendar along with the different lunar calendars used in India.

1. Gregorian Calendar

The Gregorian Calender was first introduced by Julian Calendar. It was based on 365.25 days. The year was divided in twelve months, of which eleven contained 30 or 31 days and the 12th had 28 days only. The first month was March and the last month was February. July is named after Julius Caesar and August after Augustus Caesar, both months being allocated the full 31 days, as belittled a Caesar. The seventh month was September, the eight October, the ninth November the tenth December, after the Latin Septem, Octo, Novem and Decem for seven, eight, nine & ten respectively.

To account for quarter day, every fourth year the last month February was a leap year. February contained 29 days. However this colander was fast by over 11 Minutes every year and by 1500 the error amounted to approximately 11 days. To correct the calendar, Pope Gregory ordered that October 15,1582 should follow October 4. The new Calender also moved the beginning of the year from March 25 to January 1. February now did not have a leap year in centuries unless perfectly divisible by 400. Thus came the present Gregorian Calendar into existence.

According to the present Gregorian Calender average year is 365.2425 days which is more than the actual by .000304 days, that is, 26 seconds. This can be accounted for, if we again have February of 28 days after 3200 years. However, this is not yet accounted in the Gregorian calendar.

Indian National Calander: This is based on Sun – Starts when Sayan Sun enters into Aries. It was recommended by the Calendar Reform Committee and introduced by the Govt. of India from 22nd March 1957, corresponding to the 1st of Chaitra, 1879 Saka Era. In this Calender the no. of days assigned to each month and its starting is as follows :

Month of Gregorian Date Indian Calender for 1st of the month

1. 1.   Chaitra – 30 days March 22 (March 31 days in a 21 in a leap year)
2. 2.   Vaisakha – 31 days April 21
3. 3.   Jyaistha – 31 days May 22
4. 4.   Asadha – 31 days June 22
5. 5.   Sravana – 31 days July 23
6. 6.   Bhadra – 31 days Aug 23
7. 7.   Asvina – 30 days Sep 23
8. 8.   Kartika – 30 days Oct 23
9. 9.   Agrahayana – 30 days Nov 22

10. Pausa – 30 days Dec 22

11. Magha – 30 days Jan 21

12. Phalgun – 30 days Feb 20

Lunar Calender : This is the most commonly used calender in India. This is based on the timing of new Moon. Depending upon Moon’s transit over Sun takes place in which sign, the month is named. When new moon is in Aries, the month is Vaishakh, in Taurus it is Jyestha etc.

Lunar calender is of two kinds normally

1. 1.   (i) Closing at full Moon i.e. Purnimanta
2. 2.   (ii) Closing at New Moon i.e. Amanta.

In Purnimanta the month starts 15 days before the new Moon & ends on full Moon called Puranmasi meaning “month is complete.” In Amanta month starts after new moon. The months are named same as in Indian National Calender and they start within 15 days before or after, of starting of months in Indian National Calender.

Since the speed of Moon is variable and it can cross over Sun at any degree. New moon may sometimes occur twice in the same Rasi or may not occur at all in some rasi. This gives formation of Adhik & Kshay Mah respectively. In case of Adhik month; the two months are named as first and the other as second. Shukla Paksh of the first and Krishna Paksh of the second are called the adhik month, which is normally avoided in most muhurthas. In case of kshay month, one month is divided into two Pakshas and each month is assigned one Paksh. The first month having Krishna Paksh is called Kshay Mah and the other is termed normal Mah.

On the average year as 29.53 x 12 = 354.36 days, which is less by 11 days compared to earth’s cycle. Thus in every three years there is an Adhik Mah to cover the gap of these 11 days. Kshay Mah occuse rarely. After or before Kshay Mah Adhik Mah occurs invariably. The start of month or day is taken from Sun rise. Because of variable Moon. speed two tithis may fall between two sunrises and sometimes it may not fall even once. This gives rise to formation of Adhik and Kshay tithis.

Solar Calender : Like Lunar Calender Solar Calender is based on the movement of Sun. Sun’s entry into Aries starts the month Vaisakh and also the new year. The months are named same as in Indian National Calender.

Though the moment of Sun’s entry into a sign is the same all over India, yet the commencement of the corresponding month for civil purposes is not necessarily the same all over India, yet the commencement of the corresponding month for civil purposes is not necessarily the same all over India. In Punjab & Orisa the solar month starts on the day of transit into next sign. Here day means one sunrise to next-sunrise. In bengal and Assam, if transit happens before midnight (45 Ghatis), the solar month begins next day & when the transit occurs after 45 Ghatis, the month begins a day after. In Tamil, when the fraction of the day at which transit occurs does not exceed 30 Ghatis (Sunset), the solar month begins on the same day else next day. Since the sun takes different times to transit a sign the month varies from 28 days to 31 days.

The lunar & solar calenders are associated with vrious eras. Some of the most commanly used are :

1. Vikram Era : 57 more than the A.D. year and extensively used in Gujarat & all over northern India except Bengal. In Northern India year starts from Chaitra Purima. It is also popularly known as “Malava Era” or simply “Samvat”. In Gujarat Amanta month is taken and year starts from next day of Kartika New Moon i.e. day of Diwali.

2. Saka Era : This is 78 less than A.D. year. This is also used extensively in North India. Indian National Calender uses this Saka. It is used both with amanta & Purnimanta months as well as with solar calender.

To summarise year 1999 will have various Calendars beginning on the following date:

1. Gregorian Calender : 1st Jan 99.

Different eras have following values :

1. 1.   Gregorian 1999 A.D.
2. 2.   Samvat 2056
3. 3.   Saka 1921
4. 4.   Kaliyuga Era. 5100
5. 5.   Fusli San 1407
6. 6.   Kollam Era 1175
7. 7.   Bengali San 1406
8. 8.   Hejira 1420

2. National Calender : 22 March 99

3. Lunar Calendars :

1. 1.   Chaitradi : 18/3/99
2. 2.   Kartikadi : 10/10/99

4. Solar Calendars :

1. 1.   Bengal & Assam – 15/04/99
2. 2.   Punjab & Orissa – 14/04/99
3. 3.   South – 14/04/99

5. Kollam Era :

A.D. year minus 824 is the Kollam Era. It is used in Malabar, Cochin & Travancore. It starts with solar Virgo in North Malabar and with Solar Leo in South Malabar.

6. Bengali San :

Current A.D. year minus 593 gives Bangali San. It starts with Sun entry into Aries.

7. Hejira (Muslim Calender) :

It is calculated by subtracting 579 from the current A.D. year. The monthly are based on Moon and are named as Muharram, Safer, Ravi-Ul-Avval, Ravi Ussani, Jamadi-Ul-avval, Jamadi Ussani, Rajjab, Sawan, Ramjan, Savval, Jilked and Jilhej. Muharram the first months coincides with or starts from shukla Paksh of Vaisakh. The month start normally from 2nd in Shukla Paksh when Moon is visible in the sky after sun set. The day is counted from sunset to sunset. The only problem in Muslim Calender is that it can not be defined in advance since it is based on visibility of Moon. If Moon is not visible on the day month has to start, it will be started from the next day only when moon becomes clearly visible.

Gemsofyogadubai

 

The Nine Vedic Gems

SRI NAVARATNA.

The 9 Vedic Gems:

A “Nava Ratna” ring set with nine perfect gems. In the center is a flawless (loupe clean) “red lotus” colored Burmese RUBY surrounded (clockwise from the top) by flawless diamond, flawless “natural” pearl, flawless red coral, flawless hessonite, flawless blue sapphire, flawless cat’s eye, flawless yellow sapphire, and flawless emerald.

NOTE: The above Navaratna Ring with 9 flawless gems was designed and created by Richard S. Brown of Astral Gemstone Talismans.

I would ask you readers to carefully consider the following bona fide ancient Vedic references on gemology:

(The great sage) Sri Suta Goswami, has spoken the following words in the ancient Garuda-puranam, chap 70, regarding the dawn of creation:

“The blood of the great demon Vala was taken by Surya, the Sungod, who then fled into the blue vastness of space….Ravana attempted to block Surya’s flight like a solar eclipse….Appearing afraid of Ravana, the Sungod dropped the demon’s blood, which fell down in the deep pools of ancient Bharata (which included Burma, Siam, India, and of course Sri Lanka)….Beautiful and effulgent rubies, in all shades of color, possessing manifold virtues, originated on these shores….The rubies from these fragrant lands are found in a variety of hues….Some are like human blood, etc…..Being illuminated by rays of the Sun, this crystal species shines forth with wonderful color and brilliancy.”

NOTE: That is a direct bona fide Vedic link between Surya (Sun) and rubies.

In chapter 69 it is further stated by Suta Goswami:

“The teeth of the demon Vala….fell like stars into the oceans below and became seeds for a species of gems with the luster of full Moon beams. Entering into the shells of oysters these seeds became pearls.”

NOTE: Another direct link that matches the nine planets (Graha-devas) with associated gems, viz., natural pearl for Chandra, the Moon.

There are nine foremost gems which are known as the Nava-ratna. This quote attributed to the Sanskrit “Brihat Jatak” or Vast Production , reads as follows:

Manikyam dinanayakasya vimalam muktaphalam shitagoh maheyasya cha vidrumam marakatam saumyasya-garutmakam devejyasya cha pushparagam sura-achryasya vajram shaneh nilam nirmalamanyayoshcha gadite gomeda-vaiduryake

Translation: The Sun’s gem is pure ruby, Moon is (natural) pearl, Mars is red coral, Mercury is emerald, Jupiter is yellow sapphire, Venus is diamond, Saturn is blue sapphire, Rahu is hessonite, and Ketu is cat’s eye.

A slightly different version of this ancient Sanskrit verse is also quoted in the “Mani-mala” page 575, verse 79 by S. M. Tagore (1879), and also in the ancient “Parijataka,” The Tree of Paradise, chap. 2, sloka 21 compiled by Sri Vedyanath, son of Venkata-dhari, and reads in Sanskrit as follows:

Manikyam taraneh sujatyamamalam muktaphalam shitagoh maheyasya cha vidrumao nigaditah saumyasya-garutmakam devejyasya cha pushparagam asura-achryasya vajram shaneh nilam nirmalamanyayoshcha gadite gomeda-vaiduryake

Translation:

1. 1.   Ruby for the Sun
2. 2.   Pearl for the Moon
3. 3.   Coral for Mars
4. 4.   Emerald for Mercury
5. 5.   Yellow sapphire for Jupiter
6. 6.   Diamond for Venus
7. 7.   Blue sapphire for Saturn
8. 8.   Hessonite for Rahu (the ascending node of the Moon)
9. 9.   Cat’s eye for Ketu (the descending node of the Moon)
   (these gems) must be high-born (top quality) and flawless

In this important sloka the words, “sujatyam-amalam” (sujati=high born, and amala=completely pure or flawless) are very significant. According to bona fide Vedic authority only clean top quality gems are considered to be auspicious.

To further support this important yet mostly over-looked dictate I will quote the following slokas:

In the “Garuda Puranam,” chap. 68, verse 17 it is stated by Sri Suta Goswami,

“Pure, flawless gems have auspicious powers which can protect one from demons, snakes, poisons, diseases, sinful reactions, and other dangers, while flawed stones have the opposite affect.”

Again we quote from the ancient “Agni Puranam” chap. 246, slokas 7 & 8:

“A gem free from all impurities and radiating its characteristic internal luster should be looked upon as an escort of good luck;A gem which is cracked, fissured, devoid of luster, or appearing rough or sandy, should not be used at all.”

This point is also made in many chapters of Sri Garuda Puranam, such as this quote on rubies by Sri Suta Goswami,

“A ruby, although genuine, should not be worn if it has strong color banding, excessive inclusions within like numerous internal cracks, a sandy appearance, a rough surface, or is dull and lusterless. Anyone using such a flawed ruby, even out of ignorance, will suffer from disease, or loss of fortune.”

All these nine gems are considered equally sacred, and they only differ according to the astral influence of their ruling planets. In essence the table of Asian Birth Stones is as follows:

The Nine Gems, Nine Planets & Vedic Zodiac

Gemstone	Ruling Planet	Zodiac Moon Sign
Ruby	Sun	Leo
Pearl	Moon	Cancer
Coral	Mars	Aries/Scorpio
Emrald	Mercury	Gemini / Virgo
Yellow-Sapphire	Jupiter	Sagittarius / Pisces
Diamond	Venus	Taurus/Libra
Blue-Sapphire	Saturn	Capricorn / Aquarius
Hessonite	Rahu	Not applicable*
Cat’s Eye	Ketu	Not applicable*

* According to the ancient science of Asian “Sidereal” Astrology, Rahu and Ketu do not rule any of the 12 zodiac signs. Being aprakasha or “shadow planets,” they reflect the qualities of the lord of the sign they occupy. Example: If Rahu is located in Virgo, a sign ruled by Mercury, you should look to the position of Mercury in the chart and predict similar results for Rahu.

 

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